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^ Tyler, S.; Schilling, S.; Hooge, M.; Bush, L.F. (2006–2016).
"Xenacoelomorpha". Turbellarian taxonomic database. Version 1.7.
Retrieved 2016-02-03.
^ a b c Philippe, H.; Brinkmann, H.; Copley, R. R.; Moroz, L. L.;
Nakano, H.; Poustka, A. J.; Wallberg, A.; Peterson, K. J.; Telford, M.
J. (10 February 2011). "
Acoelomorph
Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes
related to Xenoturbella". Nature. 470 (7333): 255–258.
Bibcode:2011Natur.470..255P. doi:10.1038/nature09676.
PMC 4025995 . PMID 21307940.
^ Lundin, K (1998). "The epidermal ciliary rootlets of Xenoturbella
bocki (Xenoturbellida) revisited: new support for a possible kinship
with the
Acoelomorpha
Acoelomorpha (Platyhelminthes)". Zoologica Scripta. 27:
263–270. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1998.tb00440.x.
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Edgecombe, G. D.; et al. (2009). "Assessing the root of bilaterian
animals with scalable phylogenomic methods". Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences. 276: 4261–4270.
doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0896. PMC 2817096 .
PMID 19759036. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
^ Perseke, M.; Hankeln, T.; Weich, B.; Fritzsch, G.; Stadler, P.F.;
Israelsson, O.; Bernhard, D.; Schlegel, M. (August 2007). "The
mitochondrial DNA of
Xenoturbella
Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and
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^ Cannon, J.T.; Vellutini, B.C.; Smith, J.; Ronquist, F.; Jondelius,
U.; Hejnol, A. (4 February 2016). "
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Bilateria incertae sedis)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 13
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v t e
Extant
Animal
Animal phyla
Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (Supergroup Plant Hacrobia Heterokont Alveolata Rhizaria Excavata Amoebozoa Opisthokonta
Animal Fungi)
A n i m a l i a
Porifera (sponges)
Diploblasts (Eumetazoa)
Ctenophora
Ctenophora (comb jellies)
ParaHoxozoa
Placozoa
Placozoa (Trichoplax)
Planulozoa
Cnidaria
Cnidaria (jellyfish and relatives)
Bilateria (Triploblasts)
(see below↓)
Bilateria
Xenacoelomorpha
Xenoturbellida
Xenoturbellida (Xenoturbella)
Acoelomorpha
acoels nemertodermatids
N e p h r o z o a
Deuterostomia
Chordata
lancelets tunicates craniates / vertebrates
Ambulacraria
Echinodermata (starfish and relatives) Hemichordata
acorn worms pterobranchs
P r o t o s t o m i a
Ecdysozoa
Scalidophora
Kinorhyncha
Kinorhyncha (mud dragons)
Priapulida
Priapulida (penis worms)
N+L+P
Nematoida
Nematoda (roundworms)
Nematomorpha
Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
L+P
Loricifera
Panarthropoda
Arthropoda (arthropods)
Tardigrada (waterbears)
Onychophora
Onychophora (velvet worms)
S p i r a l i a
Gnathifera¹
Chaetognatha
Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia)
Syndermata
Rotifera Acanthocephala
Platytrochozoa
R+M
Mesozoa
Orthonectida
Dicyemida
Dicyemida or Rhombozoa
Rouphozoa¹
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Gastrotricha (hairybacks)
Lophotrochozoa
Cycliophora (Symbion)
Mollusca
Mollusca (molluscs)
A+N
Annelida (ringed worms)
Nemertea
Nemertea (ribbon worms)
Lophophorata
Bryozoa
Entoprocta
Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
Ectoprocta (moss animals)
Brachiozoa
Brachiopoda (lamp shells) Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
Major groups within phyla
Sponges
Calcareous Hexactinellid Demosponge Homoscleromorpha
Cnidarians
Anthozoa
Anthozoa inc. corals
Medusozoa
Medusozoa inc. jellyfish
Myxozoa
Vertebrates
Jawless fish Cartilaginous fish Bony fish Amphibians Reptiles/Birds Mammals
Echinoderms
Sea lilies
Asterozoa
Asterozoa inc. starfish
Echinozoa
Nematodes
Chromadorea Enoplea Secernentea
Arthropods
Chelicerates/Arachnids Myriapods Crustaceans Hexapods/Insects
Platyhelminths
Turbellaria Trematoda Monogenea Cestoda
Bryozoans
Phylactolaemata Stenolaemata Gymnolaemata
Annelids
Polychaetes Clitellata Echiura
Molluscs
Gastropods Cephalopods Bivalves Chitons Tusk shells
Phyla with ≥5000 extant species bolded See also Diploblasts Monoblastozoa (nomen dubium)
¹Platyzoa
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q3570860 iNaturalist: 211191 ITIS: 914162 NCBI: 1312402
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