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Contents
1 Concept
1.1 From 'Battlefield' to 'Battlespace'
1.2
Battlespace
Battlespace agility
1.3
Battlespace
Battlespace awareness
1.4
Battlespace
Battlespace digitization
1.5
Battlespace
Battlespace intelligence preparation
1.5.1 Intelligence preparation 1.5.2 Joint intelligence preparation
1.6
Battlespace
Battlespace measures
1.6.1 Manoeuvre control
1.7
Battlespace
Battlespace shaping
2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External links
Concept[edit]
From 'Battlefield' to 'Battlespace'[edit]
Over the last 25 years, the understanding of the military operational
environment has transformed from primarily a time and space-driven
linear understanding (a "battlefield") to a multi-dimensional system
of systems understanding (a battlespace). This system of systems
understanding implies that managing the battlespace has become more
complex, primarily because of the increased importance of the
cognitive domain, a direct result of the information age. Today,
militaries are expected to understand the effects of their actions on
the operational environment as a whole, and not just in the military
domain of their operational environment.
Battlespace
Battlespace agility[edit]
Battlespace
Battlespace agility refers to the speed at which the warfighting
organization develops and transforms knowledge into actions for
desired effects in the battlespace. Essentially it argues that you
must be better than the opposition at doing the right actions at the
right time and place. Inbuilt into this understanding is that
battlespace agility is not just about speed, but it is also about
executing the most effective action (ways) in the most efficient
manner (means) relative to achieving the desired impact on the system
(ends). At all times battlespace agility is dependent on the quality
of situational awareness and holistic understanding of the battlespace
to determine the best actions, a logic that has become a driving force
behind a renaissance of interest in the quality of military
intelligence. It has been heavily linked to the ability of
intelligence analysts and operational planners to understand their
battlespace, and their targets, as networks in order to facilitate a
faster, and more accurate shared situational understanding. This in
turn increases targeting efficacy and helps retain the overall
initiative.
Battlespace
Battlespace agility has its roots solidly in the more
generic Command & Control (C2) research field on C2 agility
conducted by NATO,[3] but works specifically with an agility concept
within the context of warfighting only.[4] Hence it is framed by
effects based thinking, system of systems analysis, and competing
Observation Orient Decide Act (OODA) loops.[5]
Battlespace
Battlespace awareness[edit]
Battlespace
Battlespace awareness (BA) is a practice of military philosophy that
is used as a valuable asset by joint component and force commanders,
to predict courses of action before employing troops into a prescribed
area of operation (AO). It utilizes the intelligence preparation asset
to assist the commander in being 'aware' of recent, current, and near
term events in his battlespace.[6]
It is based around its knowledge and understanding obtained by the
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) system. It is
another methodical concept used to gain information about the
operational area—the environment, factors, and conditions, including
the status of friendly and adversary forces, neutrals and
noncombatants, weather and terrain—that enables timely, relevant,
comprehensive and accurate assessments. It has become an effective
concept for conventional and unconventional operations in successfully
projecting, or protecting, a military force, and/or completing its
mission.[7]
Battlespace
Battlespace digitization[edit]
Battlespace
Battlespace digitization is designed to improve military operational
effectiveness by integrating weapons platforms, sensor networks,
ubiquitous command and control (UC2), intelligence, and
network-centric warfare. This military doctrine reflects that in the
future, military operations will be merged into joint operations
rather than take place in separate battlespaces under the domain of
individual armed services.
Battlespace
Battlespace intelligence preparation[edit]
Intelligence preparation[edit]
Intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB) is an analytical
methodology employed to reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy,
environment, and terrain for all types of operations. Intelligence
preparation of the battlespace builds an extensive database for each
potential area in which a unit may be required to operate.
The database is then analyzed in detail to determine the impact of the
enemy, environment and terrain on operations and presents it in
graphic form. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace is a
continuing process.
Joint intelligence preparation[edit]
Joint intelligence preparation of the battlespace (JIPB) is the
analytical process used by joint intelligence organizations to produce
intelligence assessments, estimates and other intelligence products in
support of the joint force commander's decision making process. It is
a continuous process that includes defining the total battlespace
environment; describing the battlespace's effects; evaluating the
adversary; and determining and describing adversary potential courses
of action.
The process is used to analyze the aerial, terrestrial,
maritime/littoral, spatial, electromagnetic, cyberspace, and human
dimensions of the environment and to determine an opponent's
capabilities to operate in each. JPIB products are used by the joint
force and component command staffs in preparing their estimates and
are also applied during the analysis and selection of friendly courses
of action.
Battlespace
Battlespace measures[edit]
Manoeuvre control[edit]
Manoeuvre control measures are the basic preliminary step in effective
clearance of fire support (e.g. artillery, Naval gunfire, and close
air support), marked by imaginary boundary lines used by commanders to
designate the geographical area for which a particular unit is
tactically responsible. It is usually established on identifiable
terrain to help aid in hasty referencing for better lateral advantage
in the science of fire support, normally orchestrated by a higher
echelon of the general staff, mainly the operations staff sections.
They are normally designated along terrain features easily
recognizable on the ground. An important point on maneuver control
graphics: staffs must be knowledgeable regarding the different
maneuver control measures and their impact on clearance of fires. For
instance, boundaries are both restrictive and permissive; corridors
are restrictive, while routes, axis, and directions of attack are
neither.
It should be reminded of the effect on clearance of fires if
subordinate maneuver units are not given zones or sectors (i.e. no
boundaries established). Since boundaries serve as both permissive and
restrictive measures, the decision not to employ them has profound
effects upon timely clearance of fires at the lowest possible level.
The higher echelon may coordinate all clearance of fires short of the
Coordinated Fire Line (CFL), a very time-intensive process. It allows
the unit to maneuver successfully and to swiftly and efficiently
engage targets. It requires coordination and clearance only within
that organization.
They affect fire support in two ways:[8]
Restrictive—Restrictive control that is established in conjunction with a host nation to preclude damage or destruction to a national asset, population center, or religious structure. Its key role is the protection of an element of tactical importance, such as a fuel storage area.
Restrictive fire area (RFA) is an area with specific restrictions and in which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the establishing headquarters, or higher echelon; occasionally, it may be established to operate independently. No-fire area (NFA) is a designated area which no fire support may be delivered for fires or effects. When the establishing headquarters allows fires on a mission-by-mission basis. When a friendly force is engaged by an enemy located within the NFA and the commander returns fire to defend his forces. The amount of return fire should not exceed that sufficient to protect the force and continue the mission.
Permissive—Permissive control that gives the maneuver commander the liberty to announce and engage fire support at his will, unless it otherwise is restricted by a higher echelon. Most cases, a commander will deny the use of Fire Support Coordinating Measures (FSCM).
There are free-fire areas (FFA) which fire support can commence without additional coordination with the establishing headquarters. Normally, it is established on identifiable terrain by division or higher headquarters.
Battlespace
Battlespace shaping[edit]
Further information: Area of responsibility
Battlespace
Battlespace shaping is a concept involved in the practice of maneuver
warfare that are used for shaping a situation on the battlefield,
gaining the military advantage for the commander. It forecasts the
elimination of the enemy's capability by fighting in a coherent manner
before deploying determine-sized forces.[9]
See also[edit]
War
War portal
List of command and control abbreviations Command and control Fog of war Network-centric warfare
References[edit]
^
Battlespace
Battlespace definition, DoD
^
Military
Military Jargon Database
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on
2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
^ Joint Synthetic Battlespace: Cornerstone for Predictive Battlespace
Awareness
^ DOD -
Battlespace
Battlespace Awareness defined
^ U.S. Field Manual 6-20-40; Appendix E: Fire Support Coordinating
Measures
^ DEATH FROM ABOVE: I MEF's use of Marine TACAIR during Desert Storm
Further reading[edit]
Mitchell, W. (2013).
Battlespace
Battlespace Agility 101. Royal Danish Defence
College Publishing House. ISBN 978-87-7147-006-2
Mitchell, W. (2013).
Battlespace
Battlespace Agility 201.Royal Danish Defence
College Publishing House. ISBN 978-87-7147-018-5
Mitchell, W. (2012).
Battlespace
Battlespace Intelligence. Royal Danish Defence
College Publishing House. ISBN 9788798772064
Mitchell, W. (2012).
Battlespace
Battlespace Agility in Helmand. Royal Danish
Defence College Publishing House. ISBN 9788798772057
Mitchell, W. (2008). Comprehensive Approach Capacity Building.Royal
Danish Defence College Publishing House. ISBN 978-87-9142-152-5
Blackmore, T. (2005).
War
War X: Human Extensions in Battlespace.
University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-8791-4
Owens, W. (2002). Dominant
Battlespace
Battlespace Knowledge. University Press of
the Pacific. ISBN 1-4102-0413-8
External links[edit]
Look up battlespace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication (MCDP) 1-0: Marine Corps
Operations'
Achieving Dominant
Battlespace
Battlespace Awareness
Joint Synthetic Battlespace: Cornerstone for Predictive Battlespace
Awareness
Battlespace
Battlespace Digitization - Coping With Uncertainty In The Command
Process
Challenges for Joint
Battlespace
Battlespace Digiti